ASTRI TechMart

Rapid Health Assessment for Retired Lithium-ion Batteries uses a brief discharge test and AI calibration to estimate battery health without a full charge–discharge cycle or complete BMS history. By turning lengthy testing into faster screening, it can improve throughput and help recover more value from reusable batteries. Potential applications include grading retired EV batteries, matching second-life storage modules, recycling triage, fleet battery-health monitoring and assessing the residual value of used batteries.

Dual-Sensor Real-time Liquid Concentration Monitoring combines optical and electromagnetic sensing to measure substances in liquid. Conventional methods use one sensor or manual laboratory sampling; this invention reads two physical signals together. This approach can provide more reliable real-time readings in complex liquids where a single sensor may be inaccurate, reducing sampling and laboratory testing. Potential applications include plating and etching-bath monitoring; chemical-process control; mining leach solutions; semiconductor wet processes; wastewater treatment; battery-material production.

Integrated Smart Power Hub for Vehicles, Solar and Energy Storage combines vehicle batteries, grid power, solar power and DC equipment in one power hub. Conventional systems use separate chargers, DC/DC converters and solar controllers; this invention adds a direct solar-to-battery path. This approach can deliver several power functions with fewer components, reducing size, cost and energy loss. Potential applications include EV onboard charging; solar-assisted vehicles; V2G/V2H; microgrids; commercial-vehicle auxiliary power; mobile emergency power.

Dynamic Current Balancing for Multiphase Power Converters helps several power channels share electrical current more evenly. Conventional systems use fixed timing or basic current sharing; this invention dynamically adjusts each channel during the AC cycle. Better current sharing can reduce failures, extend product life and lower maintenance cost. Potential applications include data-centre and server power; telecom rectifiers; UPS; EV chargers; solar and storage inverters; industrial power supplies.

Intelligent Protection for Low-voltage DC Networks starts and shuts down low-voltage DC power in a controlled safety sequence. Conventional systems use fuses, breakers or one main switch; this invention switches stages and distinguishes a surge from a continuing fault. This approach can reduce both unnecessary downtime and damage from real faults, improving DC-system availability. Potential applications include DC microgrids; data-centre DC distribution; telecom power; EV charging; solar storage; industrial DC-equipment protection.

AI Vehicle Damage Detection Without Damage-by-Damage Training trains AI mainly with images of undamaged vehicles to find unknown vehicle damage. Traditional AI needs many labelled examples of each damage type; this invention learns normal appearance and looks for abnormalities. This approach can reduce the cost of training data while speeding vehicle inspection and claims handling. Potential applications include insurance-claim inspection; rental-car handover; fleet inspection; used-car grading; dealer trade-ins; repair records; vehicle appearance quality inspection.

Arc-Suppression Connector for Safer Live Disconnection uses an electronic switch to reduce arcing when a power connector is unplugged. Conventional connectors use stronger contacts or mechanical designs; this invention uses a semiconductor to maintain conduction as contacts separate. It directly addresses safety and contact-life problems during live disconnects, reducing failures and maintenance. Potential applications include EV charging connectors; battery-swap and pack connectors; storage cabinets; solar DC; robotics; industrial hot-plug equipment; telecom DC power.

Battery-Aware Relay Networking for Long-range IoT Sensors allows remote LoRa sensors to send data through nearby devices to save battery power. Conventional devices transmit directly to gateways or use fixed relays; this invention selects relays based on battery level and signal path. This approach can cut battery-replacement visits and field-maintenance costs for remote sensors. Potential applications include Smart utility metres; agricultural and environmental sensing; smart-city infrastructure; logistics tracking; remote-equipment monitoring; campus and warehouse IoT.

Context-Aware OCR for Difficult Documents combines character shapes with surrounding text during recognition, rather than reading characters individually and correcting them afterwards. It can improve extraction from poor-quality documents while reducing manual checking and data-entry costs. Potential applications include bank forms and cheques, identity documents, invoices, insurance and loan documents, logistics labels, and government and historical archive digitisation.

High-voltage Silicon-Carbide Diode Array with Reduced Leakage uses a special silicon-carbide diode structure to withstand high voltage and reduce leakage. Conventional designs use thicker material or larger area for voltage resistance; this invention uses a special SiC array structure. Improving the high-voltage/leakage trade-off can directly improve power-product efficiency. Potential applications include EV traction inverters; fast chargers; solar and storage inverters; industrial motor drives; data-centre power; power modules.

3D Eye-Gaze Tracking for AR, VR and Smart Interfaces uses eye-facing and outward-facing cameras to calculate where a user is looking in 3D space. Traditional systems find a 2D gaze point on a screen; this invention maps both eyes to the outward scene to obtain a 3D location. Hands-free gaze control is an important user-experience differentiator for AR/VR products. Potential applications include hands-free AR/VR control; smart glasses; gaze-based rendering; industrial training; driver-attention analysis; accessible interfaces; vision research.

AI-based Semiconductor Device Modelling uses AI to model semiconductor-device behaviour more precisely at different voltages. Conventional approaches use current values or physics models; this invention also learns detailed changes in current with voltage. This approach can shorten design and verification cycles and lower redesign risk. Potential applications include foundry device models and PDKs; process characterisation; simulation calibration; IC verification; design porting; semiconductor digital twins.

Fast Solid-state Beam Steering with Enhanced Resolution uses fast liquid-crystal and optical elements to steer a light beam. Conventional systems use moving mirrors, MEMS or liquid-crystal panels; this invention uses fast liquid crystals and polarisation gratings. Faster and more compact light steering can create a product-performance advantage. Potential applications include AR displays; compact projectors; LiDAR; robotics and 3D sensing; optical communications; optical measurement and inspection equipment.

High-density Transformer with Reduced Core Loss adds a central magnetic pillar to a transformer to reduce heat and energy loss. Conventional transformers use two- or four-pillar cores; this invention adds a central pillar to create more magnetic-flux paths. This approach can provide more power in limited space and reduce the cooling burden. Potential applications include 400 V data-centre conversion; server and telecom power; automotive DC/DC; chargers; solar and storage power; industrial power modules.

Integrated Low-loss Silicon-Carbide Power Transistor integrates several structures in a SiC power transistor to reduce energy loss. Conventional designs optimise gate, diode and shielding separately; this invention integrates them in one device. Even small power-loss improvements can directly improve EV, charger and inverter efficiency. Potential applications include EV traction; ultra-fast charging; renewable-energy inverters; storage converters; industrial motor drives; efficient data-centre power.

Fast Transient Control for Multiphase DC/DC Converters helps a power supply stabilise faster when load changes suddenly. Traditional systems use fixed PI/PID control for all conditions; this invention switches to a fast suppression mode only when needed. This approach can improve stability for high-reliability equipment during sudden load changes. Potential applications include cPU/GPU power; server and telecom supplies; automotive electronics; chargers; robotics; high-reliability power for rapidly changing loads.

Reusable Expert Automation for IC Layout Migration turns chip-layout experience into reusable code for migration to new manufacturing processes. Traditional migration relies on manual redraw or rule-by-rule edits; this invention turns engineering decisions into code that generates new layouts. This approach can move proven designs to new processes faster, directly shortening time to market. Potential applications include analogue and mixed-signal IP porting; multi-foundry design; process migration; product-family layout generation; PDK/EDA automation; layout reuse.

Multi-layer Optical Security for Documents and Brand Protection adds an extra visible or machine-readable security pattern to a hologram. Traditional protection uses a single hologram, special ink or serial number; this invention adds a layer with a specific optical effect. It adds a hard-to-copy but easy-to-check security feature, increasing protection value. Potential applications include certificates; anti-counterfeit labels for pharmaceuticals and valuable goods; brand protection; biometric security documents.

Fast Plane Detection for 3D Mapping and Digital Twins finds walls, floors and other planes efficiently in 3D scan data. Traditional methods search the full point cloud directly; this invention first groups small blocks and reliable seeds, then expands planes. This approach can speed 3D modelling and autonomous-navigation deployment. Potential applications include BIM and as-built modelling; robot navigation; autonomous driving; factory and warehouse digital twins; AR spatial mapping; 3D measurement; infrastructure inspection.

Cost-effective Compact Line-scan OCT uses a smaller scanning mirror and less-demanding light source to reduce OCT cost. Traditional OCT uses a larger mirror and more uniform light source; this invention compresses the beam so smaller, lower-specification parts can be used. Lower hardware cost and size can extend OCT to more clinics and field applications. Potential applications include ophthalmic, dermatology and dental OCT; portable diagnostics; research imaging; non-destructive inspection of industrial surfaces, coatings and fine structures.

Compact On-chip Protection Against Electrostatic Discharge provides strong electrostatic-discharge protection in a small chip area. Traditional protection uses diodes, MOSFETs or standard SCRs; this invention uses a PMOS-triggered SCR with suppression rings. This approach can reduce product failure, returns and warranty risk while using limited chip area. Potential applications include high-speed interfaces; RF chips; automotive ICs; IoT and sensor chips; power-management ICs; foundry ESD-protection IP.

Context-rich AI Segmentation for Medical Images uses nearby medical images to give AI more context when outlining organs or lesions. Traditional systems use a single 2D image or full 3D model; this invention uses nearby slices as context without generating intermediate images. This approach can improve reading consistency at an acceptable computing cost and save clinician time. Potential applications include CT/MRI organ and lesion segmentation; radiotherapy and surgery planning; PACS workflows; disease-volume tracking; clinical research.

Low-Complexity Signal Detection for Device-to-Device Communications improves receiver efficiency by filtering unlikely wireless resources before decoding. Instead of searching and decoding every possible resource, the technology uses signal-power screening, timing-offset compensation, and reference-signal matching to shortlist likely PSCCH candidates for subsequent decoding. This reduces unnecessary decoding operations and may lower baseband processing workload and potentially reduce associated latency and resource consumption.

Potential applications include LTE-based C-V2X, public-safety direct communications, industrial sidelink, off-network group communications, and compatible D2D chipsets and terminals using suitable LTE sidelink signal structures.

Scalable Blockchain-based Data Exchange keeps large data off blockchain while placing access and verification information on blockchain. Traditional systems store everything centrally or put data itself on-chain; this invention keeps only access and verification information on-chain. It solves the need for auditable records without the cost and delay of putting all data on blockchain. Potential applications include inter-organisation data exchange; industrial IoT; supply-chain provenance; health-data exchange; finance and insurance collaboration; ESG-data assurance; smart-city data markets.

Accelerated 5G User-plane Packet Processing keeps rules for a processed 5G data flow so later packets are handled faster. Traditional UPFs look up rules for every packet or use general caching; this invention reuses the first instruction set using a flow identifier. This approach can let operators process more traffic with less computing resource, creating clear cost-saving potential. Potential applications include 5G-core UPF; edge cloud; private 5G; low-latency mobile broadband; telecom-cloud optimisation; SmartNIC/DPU acceleration.

Switch-less RF Connection for Compact Wireless Transceivers uses inductors and capacitors at selected frequencies to create a transmit/receive switching effect. Traditional RF products use dedicated electronic switches; this invention uses LC resonance to create a switch-like effect. At suitable frequency bands, it can reduce parts and power consumption. Potential applications include low-power IoT; Wi-Fi/Bluetooth modules; wearables; industrial wireless sensing; dedicated-band radios; fixed-band RF front ends.

MiSmart Reversible Self-Locking Connector for Modular Construction allows upper and lower building modules to lock automatically after lifting and alignment using built-in spring latches, with an optional second lock to a core wall. It is designed to reduce high-level welding and extensive bolting, improve MiC/PPVC installation efficiency, and support future module removal, replacement or relocation. Potential applications include Modular Integrated Construction (MiC); PPVC buildings; public housing; modular hotels, student residences and hospitals; demountable or relocatable buildings; module-to-core-wall connections.

*Bundle with ”Multi-storey modular building composed of multiple precast concrete modules and method for assembling it“.

Lightweight Precast-Concrete Multi-Storey Modular Building System prefabricates beams, columns and floors or ceilings as lightweight concrete volumetric modules, then joins them into a multi-storey building using vertical alignment connectors, load-transfer plates and on-site grout. It shifts more work into a controlled factory environment, helping improve consistency, reduce wet trades on site and accelerate repetitive-room projects such as housing, hotels and dormitories. Potential applications include multi-storey MiC housing; public housing; hostels, hotels and hospitals; schools and temporary facilities; precast-concrete module factories; fast-track building projects.

*Bundled with "Reversible self-locking interconnection system for modular integrated construction".

Smart Nanobubble Water-Quality Management System generates nanobubbles from air, oxygen or ozone to increase gas dissolution while monitoring dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and temperature. Its air-pump arrangement supports scheduled automatic cleaning of the generator and related components. Designed for hydroponics, aquaponics and aquaculture, it combines oxygenation, water-quality monitoring and maintenance, with ozone nanobubbles available to help control bacteria and algae. Potential applications include hydroponics and aquaponics; indoor and vertical farms; freshwater and marine aquaculture; hatcheries; irrigation-water oxygenation; algae and bacteria control; recirculating aquaculture systems.

*Bundle with ”Apparatus and method for extracting components from solids using nanobubbles“

High-Energy-Density Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Battery uses a specially engineered plate-like graphite anode to improve lithium-ion transport during rapid charging and discharging. The patented design reports 80% capacity retention at charge or discharge rates of at least 2C, balancing shorter charge time with energy density. It may be integrated into electric mobility, power tools, drones and fast-replenishment storage products, subject to product-specific safety and lifecycle validation. Potential applications include electric vehicles and light electric mobility; fast-charging consumer electronics; power tools; drones and robots; backup power; high-power energy-storage battery packs.

Nano-Modified One-Part Geopolymer Rapid-Repair Material needs only water on site to form mortar or concrete. Its aluminosilicate binder, alkaline component and nano-modifier are designed to deliver high early strength for roads, bridges, tunnels and industrial floors that must reopen quickly. Compared with conventional Portland-cement repair products, it also offers a geopolymer-binder route with potential environmental benefits. Potential applications include rapid road and bridge-deck repair; tunnels and rail infrastructure; airport aprons; industrial floors; precast-concrete repair; wastewater and utility maintenance.

Waste-Derived Synthetic Aggregate with Carbon-Dioxide Curing forms pellets from more than approximately 70% waste feedstock, such as slag, waste-concrete fines and sewage-sludge ash, then cures them in a carbon-dioxide-rich atmosphere below approximately 100°C. The resulting synthetic aggregate can replace part of the natural stone used in concrete, precast blocks and road materials, combining waste valorisation, reduced virgin-aggregate demand and carbon-dioxide curing in one process. Potential applications include aggregate for concrete and mortar; precast blocks and pavers; road-base materials; non-structural building products; construction-waste valorisation; treatment of sewage ash and industrial by-products.

Non-Leaching Bacteria-Repellent Thermoplastic Resin creates a durable anti-fouling surface after product formation through phase separation or surface migration, reducing bacterial attachment and colonisation without relying on released biocides. The formulation is compatible with common processes such as compounding, extrusion, moulding, spinning and foaming, supporting medical products, packaging, appliances, fibres, films and pipes where lower surface biofouling is valuable. Potential applications include medical-device housings and consumables; food and pharmaceutical packaging; high-touch surfaces in hospitals and public spaces; appliance components; anti-fouling fibres and films; pipes and fluid-handling parts.

Directional High-Conductivity Metal-Graphite Server Heat Sink aligns graphite along the fin length and combines it with diamond and a copper or aluminium matrix, guiding heat from the metal base towards the fin tips and cooling airflow. Designed for AI servers, GPUs, telecommunications and other high-power electronics, its anisotropic structure increases heat transfer in the required direction while retaining a familiar metal heat-sink form. Potential applications include AI and high-performance-computing servers; data centres; CPU/GPU thermal modules; telecommunications equipment; power electronics; high-heat-flux electronic systems.

Separator-Free Flexible Printed Layered Battery stacks a printed positive electrode, a negative electrode and a multifunctional adhesive electrolyte into a thin layered structure. The intermediate layer bonds the electrodes, carries ions and provides physical separation, eliminating a separate separator, while a flexible package encloses the device. It is suited to smart labels, medical patches, disposable IoT devices and other products needing a thin, bendable power source. Potential applications include Smart labels and packaging; diagnostic medical patches; disposable wearables; logistics sensors; e-paper and flexible-display accessories; low-power IoT nodes.

Heat-Activated Bicomponent Shape-Memory Fibre and Tape integrates a low-temperature elastomer and a shape-memory polymer in one linear fibre or tape, using an asymmetric cross-section to create a programmable heat-triggered movement. Its recovery temperature can be designed within approximately 25°C to 90°C, enabling textiles, straps, medical supports, packaging or soft actuators to bend, coil or recover a selected form at a chosen temperature. Potential applications include Smart textiles and shape-changing fabrics; self-adjusting straps; medical supports and compression products; temperature-triggered labels; soft-robotic actuators; self-coiling cords.

Bendable Wireless-Charging Receiver and Battery Module integrates a receiving coil, an optionally flexible battery, control electronics and a flexible electromagnetic shield on one substrate, supporting an operational bend of approximately 90 degrees. The shield sits between the coil and battery to manage electromagnetic interference. This approach can be embedded in wearables, medical patches, smart clothing and curved electronics, enabling contactless charging without forcing a rigid product shape. Potential applications include Smart watches and bands; electronic skin and medical patches; smart clothing; curved consumer electronics; sports sensors; flexible IoT devices.

*Bundled with "Wireless charging for rechargeable button cell battery".

Wireless Charging and Regulated Power for Rechargeable Button Cells integrates an inductive receiving coil, charge control, voltage regulation and protection for a rechargeable lithium-ion button or coin cell, with a constant output option from 1.8V to 3.3V. By reducing the need for exposed charging contacts, it supports smart rings, hearing aids, hearables, miniature medical devices and sealed sensors that require repeatable charging and stable power. Potential applications include Smart rings, watches and hearables; hearing aids; miniature medical devices; remote controls and electronic keys; small sensors; sealed or waterproof IoT products.

*Bundled with "Bendable wireless charging apparatus".

Lower-Carbon Multi-Layer Fibre System for Concrete Strengthening uses multiple layers of synthetic or natural fibres to carry tensile load and control cracking, bonded to the concrete by a matrix containing ground blast-furnace slag and recycled crushed glass. Nano-particles and rheology additives improve placement, mechanical performance and durability, supporting the strengthening and repair of bridges, buildings, tunnels and other reinforced-concrete assets. Potential applications include strengthening ageing buildings and bridges; repair of columns, beams and walls; seismic upgrades; car-park and tunnel maintenance; protection of coastal concrete; heritage-building rehabilitation.

Electronically Controlled Self-Moulding, Re-Shapeable Load-Bearing Support combines a thermally responsive polymer, embedded electrical heaters, temperature sensors and a detachable controller in one composite support. When powered, it can be moulded around a body or object; after cooling, it holds its shape and carries load, and reheating permits adjustment. Applications include personalised medical braces, sports protection, adjustable furniture, industrial fixtures and temporary supports, reducing the need for a separate mould for every shape. Potential applications include personalised orthotic braces and splints; rehabilitation and sports supports; adjustable seating and ergonomic supports; industrial jigs and fixtures; temporary structural supports; reusable product packaging.

Excavatable High-Thermal-Conductivity Flowable Backfill combines high flowability, thermal conduction and deliberately low final strength, allowing it to fill around congested underground utilities without layer-by-layer compaction. Dispersed conductive particles help remove heat from power cables, while a 28-day compressive strength below approximately 2.0 MPa supports later excavation. It is suited to power cables, data centres, charging infrastructure and other utility projects requiring both thermal management and maintainability. Potential applications include underground high-voltage and distribution cables; data-centre power connections; EV-charging infrastructure; congested utility trenches; ground-source heat-pump pipes; backfill projects requiring future access.

High-Flow, Vertically Stable Silicone Thermal Gel combines a silicone gel matrix with dual-functionalized polyhedral silsesquioxane additives to balance rapid dispensing, high thermal conductivity and stability on vertical surfaces. The formulation is designed to transfer heat while resisting slumping and cracking, supporting efficient material application and reliable thermal contact in electronic assemblies. Potential uses include dispensable thermal interfaces between heat-generating components and heat sinks or enclosures, particularly where assembly speed and vertical placement are important.

Polymer-Modified Hybrid Microfibre Tough Cementitious Composite combines steel fibres, polymer microfibres, rubber or EVA polymer, cement, fly ash and silica fume to address early strength, tensile ductility, bonding and crack control together. This approach can form chamfers at beam-column joints or serve as a structural repair and tough overlay material for buildings and infrastructure exposed to vibration, impact or repeated loading. Potential applications include beam-column joints and chamfers; seismic strengthening; bridge and building repairs; industrial floors; thin high-toughness overlays; joints between precast components.

High-Drug-Loading, Fast-Disintegrating Oral Film uses two water-soluble polymers with different glass-transition temperatures to balance high drug content, film integrity and rapid dissolution. The active ingredient can represent approximately 50% to 70% of the film-forming component, offering an alternative dosage form for products needing a meaningful dose without a conventional tablet. Uses include paediatric, geriatric, over-the-counter and supplement products, subject to drug-specific formulation and absorption validation. Potential applications include fast-dissolving prescription and over-the-counter medicines; paediatric and geriatric medication; pain, allergy and motion-sickness products; vitamins and supplements; urgent-dose medicines; veterinary oral films.

The Anti-Caking Nanocrystalline Herbal Brewing Packaging Technology contains one or more herbal ingredients processed into nanocrystalline form and packaged for direct brewing or extraction in single-serve coffee machines. Non-additive spacers preserve open pathways between the herbal nanocrystals to prevent caking and ensure unobstructed solvent flow, while optional stabilisers help maintain nanocrystal integrity. By simplifying dosing, storage, and reconstitution, this technology is well suited for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), natural health products, functional foods and dietary supplements, instant beverages, and pharmacy compounding applications using automated single-serve brewing systems.

Stable Quantum-Dot Film without an External Barrier Layer protects quantum-dot particles against high temperature, high humidity and water before dispersing them in an acrylic adhesive to form a free-standing film; it can also be fabricated directly on an LED lens. By protecting the particles themselves, the product reduces reliance on separate multilayer barrier packaging and can simplify display backlights, LEDs and colour-conversion optical components. Potential applications include quantum-dot televisions and displays; LED lenses and backlight modules; wide-colour-gamut lighting; automotive displays; flexible or ultrathin display structures; optical colour-conversion films.

Growth-Stage-Adaptive Plant Lighting System places multiple rotatable light-conversion films around one plant-growth light source. Based on plant height and size, a motor positions the appropriate film in front of the source for the current growth stage. This approach can switch spectra for germination, vegetative growth or other stages without manual lamp replacement or several fixed-spectrum fixtures, supporting vertical farms, greenhouses, nurseries and indoor horticulture. Potential applications include vertical farms and plant factories; greenhouses; seedling propagation and tissue culture; indoor horticulture; medicinal-plant cultivation; growth-stage lighting research.

Visible-Light-Activated Colour-Changing Inks and Polymers uses light-responsive compounds that change colour when exposed to suitable light, including visible light. By combining compounds that fade back at different rates, the formulation can tailor how the colour changes and how long the effect lasts. The composition can be incorporated into printing inks and polymer materials, enabling colour-changing effects in printed designs and plastic products. Potential applications include light-responsive labels and packaging; security and authentication markings; novelty prints; promotional products; colour-changing plastic accessories.

Nanobubble-Enhanced Solid-Ingredient Extraction System mixes a nanobubble-containing liquid with a solid in a reaction vessel, then uses an energy source to trigger bubble collapse and enhance the release of components into the liquid. This approach can complement soaking, heating or other extraction processes for herbs, foods, natural ingredients, cosmetics and pharmaceutical processing, with the aim of improving extraction efficiency or obtaining target compounds under milder conditions. Potential applications include herbal and traditional-medicine extraction; food and beverage processing; natural flavours and colours; cosmetic active ingredients; nutritional supplements; valorisation of plant by-products.

*Bundle with ”System for generating nanobubbles in a fluid containing plants or fish“.

Multi-Stage Shape-Memory Spiral Fibre, Tube and Tape combines at least two shape-memory polymers with different recovery temperatures in a thread, fibre, tube or tape. After stretching, the material can form a controlled spiral within selected temperature ranges, with different components enabling staged movement. This programmable deformation supports smart textiles, compression products, medical devices, soft robotics, deployable sleeves and self-organising cables. Potential applications include Smart textiles; temperature-controlled compression garments; self-tightening medical devices; deployable tubes and sleeves; soft robotics; self-coiling packaging and cable management.

Intumescent-Ceramifying Multi-Barrier Flame-Retardant Rubber combines a phosphate/melamine intumescent system, a ceramic-forming mixture, glass additives and layered-silicate nanoparticles in rubber. Under heat, it first expands to insulate and then forms a ceramic-like protective layer, creating multiple barriers against flame and heat. This approach can be used in cables, building fire protection, transport, battery systems and industrial rubber parts, with optional crosslinking to suit the substrate. Potential applications include power and communication cable jackets; seals for batteries and storage systems; building fire-protection components; railway, marine and automotive rubber parts; electronic equipment; industrial fire-resistant gaskets and coatings.